On this day, 03 Apr...
1449 - The earliest English patent was granted to John of Utynam protection for introducing the making of coloured glass to England. In what was probably the first grant by an instrument of letters patent, King Henry VI gave this exclusive privilege for a term of 20 years during which none of his subjects could use such arts without the consent of John
1866 - A hat shaping machine was patented by Rudolph Eickemeyer and G. Osterheld.
1932 - Boycott of British goods was so widespread that 70% of cotton products were now thought to have come from Japan.
1933 - 1st aeroplane flight over Mount Everest.
1934 - A British patent application for the first Catseye road marker was recorded for inventor Percy Shaw. ("These are the familiar reflectors which mark the lines that are lit up at night by the lights of passing vehicles. The raised surface in which the reflectors are mounted has a construction that "will yield when travelled over by a vehicle wheel and sink to the level of the road surface" such as a resilient white rubber cushion mounted in a metal holder sunk below the road surface).
1956 - Nehru announces that troops have been sent to control Naga tribal people in the Burmese border area, who are asking for a separate state.
1969 - Dr Denton Cooley implanted a total artificial heart into a 2-month-old patient. Three days later, the patient received a heart transplant but dies of respiratory insufficiency only 14 hours later.
1973 - Francis W. Dorion patented a "dual razor blade assembly".
1973 - First cell phone call. The first portable phone call was placed by inventor Martin Cooper. The phone was 10 inches in height, 3 inches deep and an inch-and-a-half wide and weighed 30-oz. Since then, cell phones have shrunk to a mere palm-size weighing 4-oz, and are used by some 4.77 billion people (2017) around the world. {Cooper's first ''shoebox'' phone replaced a car phone at the time that weighed more than 30 pounds and cost thousands of dollars. A car phone owner had to drill a hole in his car to install the antenna and most of the phone sat in the trunk. A control unit with a handset was placed inside the car}.
1984 - Soyuz T-11 carried three cosmonauts along with the first Indian Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma to Salyut 7.
1988 - Rajiv Gandhi seals the border between Punjab and Pakistan.
2013 - A scientific study determines that common drugs taken for reducing cholesterol can prevent macular degeneration.
2015 - France has outlawed the hiring of models who do not meet new Body Mass Index (BMI) minimums for a certain period of time before and during a modelling job; the law aims to prevent promotion of anorexia among models and people who emulate them.
Born
1914 - Sam Hormuj Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, India's first Field Marshal. He was better known as "Sam Manekshaw". (He became Army Chief in 1969. The war of December 1971, which lasted only 14 days, changed the map of South Asia and Indira Gandhi and Manekshaw emerged as heroes in our country).
1958 - Jaya Prada, actor.
1964 - Ajay Sharma, cricketer.
1973 - Prabhu Deva, dancer.
RIP
1670 - Tanaji Malusure, the right hand of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, died during the battle of Singhgad fort.
1680 - Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, great Maratha emperor, patriot, soldier, freedom fighter, revolutionary, founder of the Maratha empire and great son of India.
Titbits
1936 - Shortest boxing bout with gloves lasts only 10 seconds.
1975 - Bobby Fischer stripped of world chess title for refusing to defend it.
You may have known...
NOTE: From today, a brief historicity of J&K situation.
India and Pakistan were cut from the same cloth in 1947, when Britain quit its colonial holdings in South Asia, leaving the Islamic state of Pakistan and the secular state of India.
Prior to 1947, the region was full of kingdoms run by maharajahs and potentates who were told to choose between India & Pakistan. Kashmir's ruler, a Hindu in a mostly Muslim state, faltered until fighters loyal to Pakistan invaded. He sided with India in exchange for military aid, leading to a war that left nearly a third of the region in Pakistani hands by the time a cease-fire was signed in 1949. In 1947-1948 there was a war between India and Pakistan. Pak raiders had been ordered to attack India even before the Maharaja had signed the instrument of accession.
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